Benzoic acid and salicylic acid can be distinguished by

$A + CCl_4 + KOH \to$ Salicylic acid
'$A$' in the above reaction is

The major product in Reimer-Tiemann reaction is $X$. The reactants are $Y$ and $Z$. $X$,$Y$ and $Z$ are respectively.

Major product of reaction :

One mole of phenol is treated with dilute $HNO_3$ at $298 \ K$ to give a mixture of products. The mixture is separated by steam distillation. The steam volatile compound $(X)$ is separated. The increase in percentage of oxygen in $(X)$ with respect to phenol is . . . . . . $\times 10^{-1}$ %. (Given molar mass in $g \ mol^{-1}$: $H:1, C:12, N:14, O:16$)

Identify $X$ and $Y$ in the following reactions: